Correlation between spatial inclination of Blumensaat line and anterior cruciate ligament injury based on EOS biplanar 3D imaging system / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore correlation between femoral mechanical axis and Blumensaat line (FMBL) angle of knee joint (angle between Blumensaat line and femoral mechanical axis), α angle (angle between Blumensaat line and axis of distal femur in sagittal plane) on EOS biplane imaging and non-contact anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injury, and evaluate angle for its accuracy in predicting the populations prone to non-contact ACL injury.@*METHODS@#From February 2018 to October 2020, EOS imaging and clinical data from 88 patients (176 knees) with unilateral non-contact ACL injury were retrospectively analyzed, including 53 males and 35 females, aged from 18 to 45 years old with an average of (30.3±6.2) years old, 48 patients on the left side and 40 patients on the right side. The patients were divided into ACL-affected group and ACL-health group according to side of ACL injuries, and 51 patients (51 knees) with non-ACL identified from EOS database were included in normal control group, including 28 males and 23 females, aged from 20 to 44 years old with an average of (31.6±5.5) years old, 26 patients on the left side and 25 patients on the right side. Full-length EOS imaging of skeleton extremitatis inferioris among three groups were reconstructed to 3D images of skeletal system with EOS software, and then FMBL angle and α angle were measured on the images. Univariate binary Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the influence of the univariate(FMBL angle or α angle) on ACL status(normal or torn). And the angle cutoff value for univariate was selected based on receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) to got the best accuracy.@*RESULTS@#There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender and side distribution between ACL-injured group and normal control group(P>0.05). Statistical analyses (one-way ANOVA) indicated no significant difference in FMBL angle between ACL-injured knee group (32.8±2.3)° and ACL-injured contralateral knee group(32.5±2.3)°(P>0.05), but the values between two groups were significantly lower than that in normal control group (37.0±2.0)°(P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in α angle among three groups (P>0.05). Univariate binary Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that FMBL angle was risk factor for non-contact ACL injury[OR=0.433, 95%CI(0.330, 0.569), P<0.001]. The area under ROC curve for FMBL angle was 0.909[95%CI(0.861, 0.958), P<0.001], and the sensitivity and specificity were 70.5% and 98.0% respectively, cut-off value was 33.7°.@*CONCLUSION@#FMBL angle formed by Blumensaat line and femoral mechanical axis is one of the risk factors for non-contact ACL injury and has good predictive accuracy. The general population with FMBL angle below 33.7° may be increased risk for ACL injury.

Tratamiento de las lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior y meniscales en adolescentes: reporte de un caso / Treatment for anterior cruciate ligament and meniscal tears in adolescents: a case report / Tratamento das lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior e meniscais em adolescentes: relatório de um caso

Dada la creciente popularidad de las actividades deportivas, el número de roturas del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) y lesiones meniscales ha aumentado en particular en niños y adolescentes. El manejo de estas lesiones es desafiante debido las fisis abiertas. Por un lado las opciones de reconstrucción del LCA incluyen técnicas: transfisarias, extra-articulares y intraepifisarias. Por otro lado se han descrito diferentes técnicas de reparación meniscal: "all-inside", "inside-out" y "outside-in". Estas tiene como objetivo lograr la cicatrización meniscal, evitando los efectos adversos de la meniscectomía. Presentamos un reporte de caso de un adolescente de 14 años con una rotura completa del LCA y una lesión del cuerno posterior del menisco interno que fue sometido a una reconstrucción transfisaria del LCA y a una reparación meniscal "inside-out".

With the raising popularity of sporting activity, the number of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures and meniscal tears has increased in particular in children and adolescents. Management of these injuries is challenging due to open growth plates. On the one hand the ACL reconstructions options includes: transphyseal, extra-articular and epiphyseal-only techniques. On the other hand there have been described different meniscal repair techniques: "all-inside", "inside-out" and "outside-in". These aim to achieve meniscal healing, avoiding the adverse effects of meniscectomy. We present a case report of a 14-year adolescent with an ACL complete rupture and a posterior horn tear of the medial meniscus who underwent an ACL transphyseal reconstruction and a "inside-out" meniscal repair.

Dada a crescente popularidade das atividades esportivas, o número de rupturas do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) e lesões meniscais aumentou especialmente em crianças e adolescentes. O manejo destas lesões é desafiador devido às fissuras abertas. Por um lado as opções de reconstrução do LCA incluem técnicas: transfisárias, extra-articulares e intraepifisárias. Por outro lado, foram descritas diferentes técnicas de reparação meniscal: "all-inside", "inside-out" e "outside-in". Estes têm como objetivo alcançar a cicatrização meniscal, evitando os efeitos adversos da meniscectomia. Apresentamos um relatório de caso de um adolescente de 14 anos com uma ruptura completa do LCA e uma lesão do corno posterior do menisco interno que foi submetido a uma reconstrução transfisária do LCA e a uma reparação meniscal "inside-out".

Relación entre la inclinación posterior de la tibia proximal y la inclinación meniscal. Estudio anatómico en resonancia magnética / The correlation between posterior tibial slope and meniscal slope. Anatomical study and magnetic resonance imaging

INTRODUCCIÓN: La geometría articular y las estructuras óseas se han mencionado como factores de riesgo para ruptura del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). La inclinación posterior de la tibia proximal (IPTP) es uno de los factores anatómicos mencionados. No se han encontrado estudios que reporten el rol del menisco externo en la estabilidad de la rodilla. El objetivo del siguiente estudio es determinar la relación entre la IPTP y la inclinación meniscal (IM) medidas por resonancia magnética (RM). MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se estudiaron 87 RM en 82 pacientes. Fueron excluidos pacientes con alteraciones anatómicas en la tibia proximal. Se realizaron las mediciones de la IPTP y la IM según el método de Hudeck. Se realizaron estudios de correlación para determinar la relación entre ambas variables. RESULTADOS: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 35.9 años. En el compartimento lateral la diferencia entre IPTP y la IM fue de 7.3° en promedio. El coeficiente Spearman entre IPTP del platillo externo y la IM es de 0.45. En el compartimento medial la diferencia entre la IPTP y la IM fue de 3.6°. El coeficiente Spearman entre la IPTP y la IM es de 0.57. CONCLUSIÓN: La correlación observada en ambos compartimentos es de baja a moderada lo que significa que la IPTP tiene poca participación en al valor final de la IM. Estos datos destacan la importancia del menisco externo en la biomecánica de la rodilla. Tipo de estudio: Serie de casos. Nivel de evidencia: IV.

BACKGROUND: Articular geometry and bony structures have been described as a risk factors for ACL ruptures. Posterior tibial slope´s one of the reported factors. We didn´t find studies describing the influence of the lateral meniscus in knee stability. Our aim is to determine the correlation between PTS and the meniscal slope (MS) in magnetic resonance images (MRI). METHODS: We studied 87 MRIs in 82 patients. Patients with anatomical changes in the proximal tibia (eg.: high tibial osteotomy) were discharged. The PTS and the MS was measured with the method of Hudeck. We did correlation tests to find any correlation between variables. RESULTS: Mean age was 35.9. In the lateral compartment the difference between PTS and MS was 7.3° and the Spearman tests was 0.45. In the medial compartment the difference between PTS and MS was 3.6° and the Spearmen tests was 0.57. CONCLUSIÓN: The correlation between both measures was low or moderate. The influence of the PTS in the MS it´s relative and we must consider the lateral meniscus in knee biomechanics. Type study: Number of cases. Level of evidence: IV.

Síndrome del cíclope: hallazgo sin el antecedente quirúrgico de ligamento cruzado anterior / Cyclops syndrome: finding no surgical history ACL

La presencia de un nódulo fibrovascular llamado cíclope, a nivel del espacio intercondíleo anterior, es un hallazgo ampliamente descrito en la literatura médica como una complicación en casos con antecedente de reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA). Sin embargo, como sucedió en nuestro paciente, en la actualidad se han comunicado algunos pocos casos con injuria del LCA y lesión cíclope, pero sin el antecedente quirúrgico. Nuestro paciente tuvo un trauma directo en su rodilla seis meses antes de la consulta médica y una injuria del LCA, que podrían haber estado vinculados con la etiopatogenia de la formación de un nódulo fibroso. En el examen físico se observó una limitación en la extensión de la rodilla y en la resonancia magnética (RM), una formación redondeada bien definida, en íntimo contacto con el LCA desgarrado, correspondiente a síndrome cíclope.

The presence of a fibrovascular nodule called Cyclops at the level of anterior intercondylar space, is a finding widely described in the literature as a complication in patients with previous anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL). However, at present, it has been described some patients with ACL injury and cyclops lesión but without surgical history, as in our case. Our patient had a history of direct trauma in his knee six months before medical consultaron, which could be linked to the pathogenesis of fibrous nodule formation. On physical examination, there was a limitation on the extensión of the knee and a well defined rounded neoformation, closed to the torn ACL corresponding to Cyclops syndrome was observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).